The following are categories under the DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition)
- Learning disorders include reading disorder (such as dyslexia), mathematics disorder, and disorder of written expression.
- Communication disorders include expressive language disorder, phonological disorder, receptive-expressive language disorder, and stuttering.
There are many causes of these disorders, including neurological disorders, brain injury or anomaly, physical impairment, and/or heredity.